Supination is a turning inward of the foot at the ankle so that one has a tendency to walk on the outer border of the foot.
In running, supination (also referred to as under pronation) is the insufficient inward roll of the foot after landing. This places extra stress on the foot and can result in iliotibial band syndrome of the knee, Achilles tendonitis, plantar fasciitis.[1] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Good Links:
http://www.livestrong.com/article/49689-cause-supination/
http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/cybertherapist/general/supinate.php
http://www.ehow.com/about_5116946_cause-supination.html
http://www.ourhealthnetwork.com/conditions/FootandAnkle/Pronation.asp
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Supination (Supination is the opposite of pronation). Supination is a turning inward of the foot at the ankle so that one has a tendency to walk on the outer border of the foot.
The most common cause of supination is heredity — we inherit this biomechanical defect. The second most common cause is due to the way our feet were positioned in the uterus while we were developing; this is called a congenital defect. In either instance, the following occurs in our feet during our development:
Chief Diagnostic Sign: You can test for supination by looking at the leg and foot from the back. Normally you can see the Achilles tendon run straight down the leg into the heel. If the foot is supinated, the tendon will run straight down the leg, but when it lies on the heel it will twist inward. This makes the outer ankle bone appear more prominent than the inner ankle bone.
Because supination is a twisting of the foot, all of the muscles and tendons which run from the leg and ankle into the foot will be twisted. If left untreated, supination may be the cause of heel spurs, plantar fasciitis, hallux limitus and rigidus, ball of foot pain (metatarsalgia), shin splints, high and painful arches, and eventually knee, hip, and lower back pain.
The muscles, ligaments, and other soft tissue structures that hold our foot bones together at the joints become tighter than normal. When the bones are held too rigidly in place, they cannot move properly, and the foot gradually turns inward at the ankle, causing the outer ankle bone to appear more prominent. The bones of the foot, and the foot itself, moves in this direction because the tendons that attach to the bones on the inner side of the foot become tighter than those that attach to the outer side of the foot. As we develop, the muscles and ligaments accommodate this abnormal alignment. By the time growth is complete, the supinated foot is usually: abnormally rigid, high arched, and its inner border appears raised so that as you step down you do not come down equally across the entire foot; instead, you come down mostly on the outer border of the foot.
Pronation is a condition that occurs when the arch of the foot collapses, which forces the foot to turn outwards at the ankle causing walking to be done on the inner side of the foot. Also referred to as flat feet, this condition may develop as a result of plantar fasciitis, heel spurs, and other injuries associated with the bottom of the foot. Some pronation is normal in walking as the foot settles on the ground. However, excessive pronation can also cause people to shift their weight to other areas of the foot while walking, causing intense pain.
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